Proteome-pI - Proteome Isoelectric Point Database statistics

Proteome-pI - Proteome Isoelectric Point Database is a database of pre-computed isoelectric points for proteomes from different model organisms (5029 species).
Full list of organisms can be seen here

General statistics for analyzed proteomes

Number of proteomes

Total number

of proteins

Mean number of

proteins ± SD

Mean size of

proteins ± SD

Mean mw of

proteins ± SD

Viruses

Archaea

Bacteria

Eukaryote (all isoforms)

Eukaryote (main isoform)

Eukaryote (minor isoforms)

504

135

3,776

614

448

20,920

318,388

12,082,903

9,299,039

8,629,591

669,448

42 ± 89

2,358 ± 920

3,200 ± 2,510

15,145 ± 11,830

14,055 ± 9,899

1,494 ± 5,130

297 ± 375

283 ± 212

311 ± 240

438 ± 429

434 ± 416

495 ± 564

33 ± 42

31 ± 23

34 ± 26

49 ± 48

48 ± 46

55 ± 63

IDM number

of proteins

Median number

of protein

IDM size

of proteins

Median size

of protein

IDM mw

of proteins

Median mw

of protein

Viruses

Archaea

Bacteria

Eukaryote (all isoforms)

Eukaryote (main isoform)

Eukaryote (minor isoforms)

2,254

3,011

13,187

12,618

387

2,065

2,950

11,684

11,585

225

255

279

369

367

407

182

241

265

336

334

362

mw - molecular weight in kDa; IDM - interdecile mean

As one can see Viruses have the smallest proteomes (coding usually only handful number of proteins) with compacted proteins. Than Archaea step in with relatively small proteomes (~2.2k) and short proteins (241-283 aa). The next group, Bacteria, code ~10% bigger proteomes (~3k) and proteins (265-311 aa).

Eukaryote on the other hand are the most sophisticated, having the biggest proteomes (~14k) and long proteins (367-495 aa). Moreover, many of them posses multiple splicing isoforms which in some cases can significantly increase proteome complexity (e.g. in humans 21,006 proteins vs. 71,173 additional isoforms)

General isoelectric point statistics

It is well known that isoelectric point distribution across proteomes is well conserved and it has bimodal shape. This can be easily seen on plots below:

nr (86 millions of proteins) Uniprot (63 millions of proteins)

Molecular weight and isoelectric points across kingdoms

Eukaryota code the biggest proteins, while viruses make them compact (left plot). On the other hand, the isoelectric point of proteins is highly controlled in Eukaryota most likely due to efficient homeostasis, while Archean proteins are allowed to have wide range of pI (in extreme conditions those organisms frequently change pH inside of the cell to use less energy for the homeostasis), right plot. Data for 135 Archaea, 127 Viruses > 50 proteins, 3775 Bacteria and 614 Eukaryota proteomes.

Check new
amino acid statistics
in Proteome-pI 2.0

Amino acid frequency across kingdoms

Kingdom	Ala	Cys	Asp	Glu	Phe	Gly	His	Ile	Lys	Leu	Met	Asn	Pro	Gln	Arg	Ser	Thr	Val	Trp	Tyr	Total amino acids
Viruses	6.61	1.76	5.81	6.04	4.25	5.79	2.15	6.53	6.35	8.84	2.46	5.41	4.62	3.39	5.24	7.06	6.06	6.50	1.19	3.94	6,150,189
Archaea	8.20	0.98	6.21	7.69	3.86	7.58	1.77	7.03	5.27	9.31	2.35	3.68	4.26	2.38	5.51	6.17	5.44	7.80	1.03	3.45	89,488,664
Bacteria	10.06	0.94	5.59	6.15	3.89	7.76	2.06	5.89	4.68	10.09	2.38	3.58	4.61	3.58	5.88	5.85	5.52	7.27	1.27	2.94	3,716,982,916
Eukaryota	7.63	1.76	5.40	6.42	3.87	6.33	2.44	5.10	5.64	9.29	2.25	4.28	5.41	4.21	5.71	8.34	5.56	6.20	1.24	2.87	3,743,221,293
All	8.76	1.38	5.49	6.32	3.87	7.03	2.26	5.49	5.19	9.68	2.32	3.93	5.02	3.90	5.78	7.14	5.53	6.73	1.25	2.91	7,555,843,062

Detailed proteome-wide statistics

Proteome-pI is available under Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs license, for more details see here

Reference: Kozlowski LP. Proteome-pI: proteome isoelectric point database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2016. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkw978

Contact: Lukasz P. Kozlowski